Indonesian Education's History

History of education in Indonesia. In Indonesian society before entering the Hindu culture , education was given by the parents or parents - the parents of the local community regarding the moral and spiritual life means life to fulfill their economies . The entry and expansion of foreign cultures brought to Indonesia has been absorbed by the Indonesian people through community education . Institutions that have submitted a written culture and many other cultural elements .

History of education in Indonesia started in the days of the development of religion in Indonesia. Hindu kingdoms in Java , Bali and Sumatra, which began in the 4th century AD that's the first place that there is no education in these areas . It can be said , that the educational institutions engendered by religious institutions and the oldest subjects is the study of religion . The signs of the existence of the oldest Hindu culture and civilization discovered in the 5th century in the Kutai region ( Kalimantan ) . However, an overview of the education and science in Indonesia come from Chinese sources approximately a century later .

There are 2 kinds of educational system and the teaching of Islam in Indonesia :

Education in Breached

In every village on the island of Java, there are places of worship where Muslims can perform acts of worship according to the dictates of his religion. The place is managed by an officer called amyl , muezzin or Lebai ( in Sumatra ) . The officer doubles , while providing no prayer ceremony at a family or village , can also function as a religious teacher .

Education at Pesantren

Where the students are learning diasramakan called lodges are financed by the teacher or the joint cost of the followers of Islam . The students studying in separate booths but most of the time is used to exit the room either for cleaning and planting .

Education In Twentieth Century Age and Occupation Dutch East Indies Government . Among the Dutch arising streams to provide the original occupation of part of the profits of European ( Dutch ) for their control of Indonesia . This flow has the opinion that the people should be introduced Bumiputera western culture and knowledge that has made Holland great nation . Flow or understand this is known as the Ethical Policy ( Etische Politiek ) . The idea was originally conceived as if Van Deventer in 1899 with the motto " Debt of Honor " ( de Eereschuld ) . Ethical policy is geared to the interests of the Bumiputera population advancing the way the natives as soon as possible through education in the West .

In the two decades since the 1900 Dutch government established many Western-oriented schools . In contrast to Snouck that support the delivery of education to the aristocratic class of Bumiputera , the Van Deventer encourages the application of Western education to the lower classes . This figure does not expressly state that the people of a group of ordinary people who have to take precedence , but suggested that the common people are not neglected . Therefore established many village schools who speak the local language of instruction , in addition to schools and oriented introduction to speaking the Dutch language . Which became the foundation of the steps in education in the Dutch East Indies , the government bases its discretion on the main ideas as follows :

1. Western education and knowledge is applied as much as possible for Bumiputera population group for the Dutch language is expected to be the language of instruction in schools

2. Low educational provision for Bumiputera groups tailored to their needs

On that basis the patterns and systems of education and schooling in the Dutch East Indies in the 20th century can be reached via two routes. On the one hand through the first line is expected to unmet need for the elements of the upper layer and a high -quality student workers for industrial use and the economy and on the other unmet needs for medium and low educated .

The purpose of education during the colonial period is never explicitly stated . The purpose of education , among others, is to meet the labor needs for the interests of the Dutch capital . Thus local people are trained to be low-level workers ( unskilled laborers ) . There are also some who are trained and educated to become administrative personnel , technical personnel , agricultural workers and others who are appointed as class workers two or three . In brief, the purpose of education is to obtain the energy - cheap labor . A fact according to the Education Commission of the Dutch Indonesian which was formed in 1928 - 1929 showed that 2 % of the Indonesian people who received western education stand alone and more than 83 % to be paid and the remaining workers are unemployed . Among the 83 % that 45 % were civil servants . In general, salaries of civil servants and workers is much lower compared to Western salaries on the same job .